Cultural Attention Over Time
199 pre-modern works · 3,459 early editions · Google Ngram 1800–2019
All Ngram data verified from Google Books API (December 2024)
Bible
Various (500 BC)
630
editions 1450-1600
Imitation of Christ
Thomas à Kempis (1418)
249
editions 1450-1600
De Sphaera
Sacrobosco (1230)
230
editions 1450-1600
Golden Legend
Jacobus de Voragine (1260)
207
editions 1450-1600
Aeneid
Virgil (19 BC)
155
editions 1450-1600
Adages
Erasmus (1500)
152
editions 1450-1600
Sentences
Peter Lombard (1150)
125
editions 1450-1600
Metamorphoses
Ovid (8)
107
editions 1450-1600
Divine Comedy
Dante (1320)
95
editions 1450-1600
Summa Theologica
Thomas Aquinas (1274)
85
editions 1450-1600
Orlando Furioso
Ariosto (1532)
85
editions 1450-1600
Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle (340 BC)
73
editions 1450-1600
Natural History
Pliny (77)
73
editions 1450-1600
Elements
Euclid (300 BC)
72
editions 1450-1600
Consolation of Philosophy
Boethius (524)
70
editions 1450-1600
Canon of Medicine
Avicenna (1025)
70
editions 1450-1600
Decameron
Boccaccio (1353)
56
editions 1450-1600
Confessions
Augustine (400)
55
editions 1450-1600
City of God
Augustine (426)
55
editions 1450-1600
Book of the Courtier
Castiglione (1528)
55
editions 1450-1600
Metaphysics
Aristotle (340 BC)
52
editions 1450-1600
Prognosticatio
Lichtenberger (1488)
47
editions 1450-1600
Praise of Folly
Erasmus (1511)
45
editions 1450-1600
Malleus Maleficarum
Heinrich Kramer (1487)
40
editions 1450-1600
Republic
Plato (375 BC)
38
editions 1450-1600
Revelations of Birgitta
Birgitta of Sweden (1370)
37
editions 1450-1600
Ship of Fools
Sebastian Brant (1494)
31
editions 1450-1600
The Prince
Machiavelli (1532)
28
editions 1450-1600
Heptameron
Marguerite de Navarre (1558)
25
editions 1450-1600
De Mulieribus Claris
Boccaccio (1362)
24
editions 1450-1600
Utopia
Thomas More (1516)
22
editions 1450-1600
De Vita Libri Tres
Marsilio Ficino (1489)
20
editions 1450-1600
Discourses on Livy
Machiavelli (1531)
18
editions 1450-1600
Letters of Catherine of Siena
Catherine of Siena (1375)
18
editions 1450-1600
Roman de la Rose
Guillaume de Lorris (1275)
17
editions 1450-1600
De Occulta Philosophia
Agrippa (1533)
15
editions 1450-1600
Poems of Vittoria Colonna
Vittoria Colonna (1538)
15
editions 1450-1600
De Re Aedificatoria
Alberti (1452)
15
editions 1450-1600
Canterbury Tales
Chaucer (1400)
12
editions 1450-1600
Interior Castle
Teresa of Avila (1577)
12
editions 1450-1600
De Docta Ignorantia
Nicholas of Cusa (1440)
10
editions 1450-1600
Corpus Hermeticum
Ficino (trans.) (1471)
10
editions 1450-1600
Almagest
Ptolemy (150)
10
editions 1450-1600
Life of Teresa of Avila
Teresa of Avila (1565)
10
editions 1450-1600
Book of Angela of Foligno
Angela of Foligno (1309)
10
editions 1450-1600
De Pictura
Alberti (1435)
10
editions 1450-1600
Oration on the Dignity of Man
Pico della Mirandola (1486)
9
editions 1450-1600
Le Morte d'Arthur
Thomas Malory (1485)
8
editions 1450-1600
Piers Plowman
William Langland (1370)
8
editions 1450-1600
Steganographia
Trithemius (1499)
8
editions 1450-1600
Way of Perfection
Teresa of Avila (1566)
8
editions 1450-1600
Letters of Abelard and Heloise
Heloise/Abelard (1132)
8
editions 1450-1600
Lives of the Artists
Vasari (1550)
8
editions 1450-1600
Troilus and Criseyde
Chaucer (1385)
6
editions 1450-1600
De Verbo Mirifico
Reuchlin (1494)
6
editions 1450-1600
De Arte Cabalistica
Reuchlin (1517)
6
editions 1450-1600
Plays of Hrotsvitha
Hrotsvitha (970)
5
editions 1450-1600
Discorso
Laura Terracina (1548)
5
editions 1450-1600
Monas Hieroglyphica
John Dee (1564)
4
editions 1450-1600
De Revolutionibus
Copernicus (1543)
4
editions 1450-1600
Book of the City of Ladies
Christine de Pizan (1405)
4
editions 1450-1600
Examinations of Anne Askew
Anne Askew (1546)
4
editions 1450-1600
Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
Francesco Colonna (1499)
3
editions 1450-1600
Atalanta Fugiens
Michael Maier (1617)
3
editions 1450-1600
Amphitheatrum Sapientiae
Heinrich Khunrath (1595)
3
editions 1450-1600
Works of Louise Labé
Louise Labé (1555)
3
editions 1450-1600
Dialogues of Tullia d'Aragona
Tullia d'Aragona (1547)
3
editions 1450-1600
Prayers of Katherine Parr
Katherine Parr (1545)
3
editions 1450-1600
Poems of Anna Bijns
Anna Bijns (1528)
3
editions 1450-1600
Les Angoysses
Hélisenne de Crenne (1538)
3
editions 1450-1600
Vita Christi
Isabel de Villena (1497)
3
editions 1450-1600
Utriusque Cosmi Historia
Robert Fludd (1617)
2
editions 1450-1600
Picatrix
Pseudo-Maslama (1000)
2
editions 1450-1600
Herald of Divine Love
Gertrude the Great (1289)
2
editions 1450-1600
Poems of Gaspara Stampa
Gaspara Stampa (1554)
2
editions 1450-1600
Nobility of Women
Lucrezia Marinella (1600)
2
editions 1450-1600
Poems of Veronica Gambara
Veronica Gambara (1530)
2
editions 1450-1600
Works of Des Roches
Catherine & Madeleine des Roches (1579)
2
editions 1450-1600
Works of Katharina Zell
Katharina Schütz Zell (1534)
2
editions 1450-1600
Contes amoureux
Jeanne Flore (1531)
2
editions 1450-1600
Emblemes
Georgette de Montenay (1567)
2
editions 1450-1600
Sonnets spirituels
Anne de Marquets (1562)
2
editions 1450-1600
Regentenbuch
Elisabeth von Braunschweig (1545)
2
editions 1450-1600
Scivias
Hildegard of Bingen (1151)
1
editions 1450-1600
Poems of Veronica Franco
Veronica Franco (1575)
1
editions 1450-1600
Poems of Chiara Matraini
Chiara Matraini (1555)
1
editions 1450-1600
The Worth of Women
Moderata Fonte (1600)
1
editions 1450-1600
Copy of a Letter
Isabella Whitney (1567)
1
editions 1450-1600
Letters of Laura Cereta
Laura Cereta (1488)
1
editions 1450-1600
Orations of Cassandra Fedele
Cassandra Fedele (1487)
1
editions 1450-1600
Poems of Pernette du Guillet
Pernette du Guillet (1545)
1
editions 1450-1600
Works of Luisa Sigea
Luisa Sigea (1552)
1
editions 1450-1600
Jane Anger Her Protection
Jane Anger (1589)
1
editions 1450-1600
Flori
Maddalena Campiglia (1588)
1
editions 1450-1600
Premieres oeuvres
Marie de Romieu (1581)
1
editions 1450-1600
Les Misères
Nicole Estienne (1573)
1
editions 1450-1600
Meditation of a Penitent Sinner
Anne Locke (1560)
1
editions 1450-1600
Morning and Evening Prayers
Elizabeth Tyrwhit (1574)
1
editions 1450-1600
French Historie
Anne Dowriche (1589)
1
editions 1450-1600
Hymns
Elisabeth Cruciger (1524)
1
editions 1450-1600
Cloud of Unknowing
Anonymous (1375)
Revelations of Divine Love
Julian of Norwich (1395)
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Anonymous (1390)
Causae et Curae
Hildegard of Bingen (1150)
Book of Margery Kempe
Margery Kempe (1436)
Lais of Marie de France
Marie de France (1175)
Flowing Light of the Godhead
Mechthild of Magdeburg (1250)
Herald of Divine Love
Gertrude the Great (1289)
Book of Special Grace
Mechthild of Hackeborn (1291)
Visions
Elisabeth of Schönau (1160)
Page of Meditations
Marguerite d'Oingt (1286)
Mirror of Simple Souls
Marguerite Porete (1300)
Seven Manners of Loving
Beatrice of Nazareth (1250)
Poems of Isabella di Morra
Isabella di Morra (1545)
Psalms of Mary Sidney
Mary Sidney (1599)
Poems of Sor Juana
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1689)
Orations
Costanza Varano (1444)
Oration to Pius II
Ippolita Maria Sforza (1465)
Orations & Letters
Battista da Montefeltro Malatesta (1433)
Letters
Cecilia Gonzaga (1447)
Laude & Sacred Poetry
Lucrezia Tornabuoni (1470)
Sacre rappresentazioni
Antonia Pulci (1483)
Poems
Ginevra de' Benci (1478)
Letters
Isabella d'Este (1500)
Letters
Elisabetta Gonzaga (1502)
Self-Portraits & Letters
Sofonisba Anguissola (1560)
Commentaries on Aristotle
Beatriz Galindo (1500)
Memorias
Leonor López de Córdoba (1400)
Chronicle
Jeanne de Jussie (1535)
Enseignements
Anne de Beaujeu (1505)
Journal
Caritas Pirckheimer (1525)
Lamentation of a Sinner
Catherine Parr (1545)
Examinations
Anne Askew (1546)
Letters
Lady Jane Grey (1553)
Letters of Isotta Nogarola
Isotta Nogarola (1451)
Novelas of María de Zayas
María de Zayas (1637)
Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum
Aemilia Lanyer (1611)
Tragedy of Mariam
Elizabeth Cary (1613)
Urania
Mary Wroth (1621)
Works of Margaret Cavendish
Margaret Cavendish (1666)
Works of Aphra Behn
Aphra Behn (1688)
Equality of Men and Women
Marie de Gournay (1622)
Mystical City of God
María de Ágreda (1670)
Autobiography of Madame Guyon
Madame Guyon (1688)
Works of Isabella Andreini
Isabella Andreini (1562)
Poems of Laudomia Forteguerri
Laudomia Forteguerri (1555)
Poems of Tarquinia Molza
Tarquinia Molza (1575)
Autobiography (Lieutenant Nun)
Catalina de Erauso (1626)
Cancionero poems
Florencia Pinar (1480)
Works of Ana de San Bartolomé
Ana de San Bartolomé (1582)
Iphigenia at Aulis
Jane Lumley (1553)
Mouzell for Melastomus
Rachel Speght (1617)
Miscellanea
Elizabeth Grymeston (1604)
Ane Godlie Dreame
Elizabeth Melville (1603)
Manuscripts
Esther Inglis (1600)
Poems
Maria Tesselschade (1620)
Opuscula
Anna Maria van Schurman (1648)
Translations
Birgitte Thott (1658)
Correspondence with Descartes
Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia (1643)
Principles of Philosophy
Anne Conway (1690)
Discourse Concerning the Love of God
Damaris Cudworth Masham (1696)
A Serious Proposal to the Ladies
Mary Astell (1694)
Essay to Revive the Antient Education of Gentlewomen
Bathsua Makin (1673)
Institutions de physique
Émilie du Châtelet (1740)
Defence of Mr. Locke's Essay
Catharine Trotter Cockburn (1702)
Traité de la morale et de la politique
Gabrielle Suchon (1693)
Physics Dissertations
Laura Bassi (1732)
Instituzioni analitiche
Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1748)
Doctoral Thesis
Elena Cornaro Piscopia (1678)
The Alexiad
Anna Comnena (1148)
Poems & Sayings
Rabia al-Adawiyya (801)
The Tale of Genji
Murasaki Shikibu (1010)
The Pillow Book
Sei Shōnagon (1002)
Lessons for Women
Ban Zhao (100)
Poems
Li Qingzhao (1125)
Devotional Songs
Mirabai (1540)
Vakhs
Lal Ded (1355)
Teachings
Themistoclea (550 BC)
Teachings
Myia (500 BC)
Teachings
Damo (500 BC)
On Wisdom
Perictione (450 BC)
Teachings
Aspasia of Miletus (450 BC)
Teachings
Arete of Cyrene (350 BC)
On the Harmony of Women
Aesara of Lucania (350 BC)
On the Moderation of Women
Phintys (350 BC)
Works
Hypatia of Alexandria (400)
Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium
Maria Sibylla Merian (1705)
Urania Propitia
Maria Cunitz (1650)
Astronomical Observations
Sophie Brahe (1590)
Comet Discovery
Maria Margarethe Kirch (1702)
Astronomical Tables
Elisabeth Hevelius (1690)
Halley's Comet Calculations
Nicole-Reine Lepaute (1762)
Comet Discoveries
Caroline Herschel (1786)
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences
Mary Somerville (1831)
Notes on the Analytical Engine
Ada Lovelace (1843)
Trotula
Trota of Salerno (1150)
Alchemical Works
Mary the Jewess (100)
Querelle des Femmes
Various (1500)
Il Libro dell'Arte
Cennini (1400)
Methodology & Data Sources
Ngram Frequency Data
Source: Google Books Ngram Viewer API
Corpus: English (en-2019)
Smoothing: 3
Date retrieved: December 2024
All 199 works were queried directly from the API. Some works use combined queries (e.g., "Summa Theologica,Summa Theologiae") to capture title variants. Values represent frequency per billion words.
Edition Counts
ISTC: Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (editions before 1501)
USTC: Universal Short Title Catalogue (16th century)
Edition counts are from cached lookups and may not reflect latest database updates. Works showing 0 editions either circulated in manuscript, were published after 1600, or appear under variant titles not captured in our search.
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Pattern Guide
All Ngram data from Google Books API · Edition counts from ISTC/USTC · December 2024