Translation Roadmap

Prioritized Latin works for translation. Less than 3% of Renaissance Latin literature has ever been translated into English. These are the gaps that matter most.

The Foundation: Ficino

Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499) translated the Renaissance into being. His translations of Plato, Plotinus, and the Hermetic corpus shaped European thought for centuries - but most of his own commentaries and original works remain untranslated.

Ficino, Commentaries on Plato's Dialogues
Florence: Lorenzo de'Medici / Laurentius de Alopa, 1484
Only Symposium commentary translated (Jayne). Phaedrus, Republic, Timaeus, Parmenides, Laws commentaries unavailable.
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Ficino, Commentary on Plotinus's Enneads
Florence: Antonio Miscomini, 1492
Shaped how Europe understood Neoplatonism for centuries. Completely untranslated.
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Ficino, De mysteriis Aegyptiorum (on Iamblichus)
Venice: Aldus Manutius, 1497
Ficino's interpretive summary of Iamblichus on theurgy - not just a translation. He gave the work its famous title.
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Ficino, Theologia Platonica
Florence: Antonio Miscomini, 1482
His masterwork on the immortality of the soul. I Tatti translation exists (Allen/Hankins) but expensive. Open-access needed.
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Ficino, De vita libri tres
Florence: Antonio Miscomini, 1489
Three Books on Life - astral magic and medicine. Kaske/Clark translation exists but scholarly apparatus dated.
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Ficino, De Christiana religione
Florence: Niccolò di Lorenzo della Magna, 1474
On the Christian Religion. His defense of Christianity through Platonic philosophy. Completely untranslated.
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Ficino, Consiglio contro la pestilenzia
Florence: Bartolomeo de' Libri, 1481
Advice against the Plague. Medical treatise combining Platonic philosophy with practical medicine. Latin ed. Augsburg 1518.
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Ficino, Epistolae (Letters)
Venice: Matteo Capcasa, 1495
12 books of letters - philosophical correspondence with all of Europe. Only selections translated.
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Ficino, Opera Omnia
Basel: Henricus Petrina, 1576
Complete works in 2 folio volumes. The standard edition for all Ficino scholarship.
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Famous Figures: The Gaps

Major untranslated works by well-known Renaissance thinkers. High name recognition, strong interest.

Pico della Mirandola, Disputationes adversus astrologiam divinatricem
Bologna: Benedictus Hectoris (posthumous), 1496
His longest work (12 books). Influenced Kepler. Completely untranslated.
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Pico della Mirandola, Conclusiones DCCCC (900 Theses)
Rome: Eucharius Silber, 1486
Farmer translation (1998) expensive. Needs open-access edition.
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Giordano Bruno, De immenso et innumerabilibus
Frankfurt: Johann Wechel & Peter Fischer, 1591
655 pages on infinite universe. Written before his execution.
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Giordano Bruno, De monade, numero et figura
Frankfurt: Johann Wechel & Peter Fischer, 1591
Pythagorean number mysticism. ~150 pages. More feasible.
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Agrippa, De incertitudine et vanitate scientiarum
Antwerp: Johannes Grapheus, 1530
MORE popular than Occult Philosophy in his lifetime. 1569 English archaic.
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Agrippa, De nobilitate et praecellentia foeminei sexus
Antwerp: Michael Hillenius, 1529
Proto-feminist treatise. Short, accessible.
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Robert Fludd, Tractatus Apologeticus
Leiden: Godefridus Basson, 1617
Defense of Rosicrucians. 196 pages. Good starting point.
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Robert Fludd, Utriusque Cosmi Historia
Oppenheim: Johann Theodore de Bry, 1617-21
Famous De Bry engravings. 2000+ pages - needs selections.
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Kircher, Arithmologia
Rome: Varesii, 1665
Number mysticism. 301 pages. Feasible Kircher.
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Kircher, Iter Exstaticum Coeleste
Rome: Vitalis Mascardi, 1656
Cosmic voyage through heavens. Dialogue format.
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Renaissance Curiosities

Fascinating illustrated works with crossover appeal - monsters, machines, unicorns, witchcraft, and wonders.

Lycosthenes, Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon
Basel: Henricus Petri, 1557
~1,500 woodcuts
Chronicle of prodigies from Creation to 1557.
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Aldrovandi, Monstrorum historia
Bologna: Nicolò Tebaldini (posthumous), 1642
~450 woodcuts
Dragons, mythical races. Founder of natural history.
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Veranzio, Machinae novae
Venice: s.n., 1615
49 plates
First printed parachute ('Homo Volans'). SHORT.
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Besson, Theatrum instrumentorum et machinarum
Lyon: Barthélemy Vincent, 1578
60 engraved plates
War machines, instruments. Du Cerceau engravings.
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Bartholin, De unicornu observationes novae
Amsterdam: Henricus Wetstein, 1678
20+ engravings
Comprehensive unicorn treatise by Romeyn de Hooghe.
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Trithemius, Steganographia
Frankfurt: Johann Berner, 1606
Appears to be angel magic, actually cryptography. On Index 1609-1900.
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Guazzo, Compendium maleficarum
Milan: Collegium Ambrosianum, 1608
33 woodcuts
Most illustrated witchcraft manual. Sabbath scenes.
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Kircher, Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae
Rome: Lodovico Grignani, 1646
38 plates
First magic lantern description. Foundational for cinema.
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Apian, Astronomicum Caesareum
Ingolstadt: Peter Apian, 1540
21 volvelles, 58 woodcuts
Paper computers. Dragon diagrams. Spectacular.
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Barozzi, Il nobilissimo giuoco de Rithmomachia
Venice: Gratioso Perchacino, 1572
The Philosopher's Game - medieval mathematical board game.
Horapollo, Hieroglyphica
Venice: Aldus Manutius, 1505
195 woodcuts (1543 ed.)
Wrong about hieroglyphics but hugely influential.
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Natural Philosophy & Early Science

Where Renaissance magic meets emerging science. Illustrated treatises on optics, magnetism, and nature.

Della Porta, Magiae naturalis libri XX
Naples: Horatius Salvianus, 1589
Most influential natural magic text. 1658 English outdated.
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Della Porta, De humana physiognomonia
Vico Equense: Joseph Cacchius, 1586
Famous human-animal comparison woodcuts.
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Cardano, De subtilitate rerum
Nuremberg: Johann Petreius, 1550
21 books on nature. Major gap in history of science.
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Gilbert, De Magnete
London: Peter Short, 1600
First scientific study of magnetism. Terrella diagrams.
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Libavius, Alchemia
Frankfurt: Johann Saur, 1597
First systematic chemistry textbook.
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Severinus, Idea medicinae philosophicae
Basel: Sixtus Henricpetri, 1571
THE systematization of Paracelsus. Completely untranslated.
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Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica
Basel: Johannes Oporinus, 1543
200+ woodcuts
Richardson/Carman translation expensive. Open-access needed.
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Tycho Brahe, Astronomiae instauratae mechanica
Wandesburg: Levinus Hulsius, 1598
21 hand-colored
Instrument illustrations. Only 60-100 copies made.
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Hermetica & Kabbalah

The esoteric tradition - Hermetic philosophy, Christian Kabbalah, and prisca theologia.

Patrizi, Nova de universis philosophia
Ferrara: Benedictus Mammarellus, 1591
Major Hermetic cosmology. Hermes, Zoroaster, Orpheus.
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Steuco, De perenni philosophia libri X
Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1540
Coined 'philosophia perennis' - later Leibniz, Huxley.
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Reuchlin, De verbo mirifico
Basel: Johann Amerbach, 1494
First Christian Kabbalistic work. Wonder-working word.
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Giorgi, De harmonia mundi totius
Venice: Bernardino de Vitali, 1525
Pythagorean harmony + Kabbalah. Influenced Dee, Fludd.
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Khunrath, Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae
Hamburg: s.n. (expanded ed. 1609), 1595
Famous Laboratory-Oratory engravings. Difficult Latin.
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Maier, Atalanta fugiens
Oppenheim: Johann Theodore de Bry, 1617
50 emblems + fugues
Alchemical emblem book with music.
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Alchemy & Rosicruciana

The chemical philosophy and Rosicrucian movement.

Schweighardt, Speculum Sophicum Rhodo-Stauroticum
s.l.: s.n., 1618
Key Rosicrucian text. Famous 'Collegium' engraving. SHORT.
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Fludd, Philosophia Moysaica
Gouda: Petrus Rammazenius, 1638
Mosaic philosophy. More feasible than Utriusque Cosmi.
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Sennert, De chymicorum consensu ac dissensu
Wittenberg: Zacharias Schurer, 1619
Reconciling Paracelsus with Aristotle. Influenced Boyle.
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Mind, Memory & Machines

Precursors to artificial intelligence - combinatorics, automata, artificial memory, universal languages, and early cognitive science.

Ramon Llull, Ars Magna
Rome: [various early eds.], 1305 (printed 1480)
The foundation of combinatorial logic. Rotating discs generate all concept combinations. Leibniz cited as inspiration for calculus ratiocinator.
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Giordano Bruno, De umbris idearum
Paris: Aegidius Gorbinus, 1582
Artificial memory through combinatorial image generation. Mechanical method for producing mental representations.
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Giordano Bruno, De imaginum, signorum et idearum compositione
Frankfurt: Johann Wechel, 1591
His most elaborate memory system. Combination of images and signs for artificial cognition.
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Kircher, Polygraphia nova et universalis
Rome: Varesii, 1663
Universal language with combinatorial rules. Pasigraphy - writing understood by all nations.
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Kircher, Musurgia universalis
Rome: Francesco Corbelletti, 1650
Contains the ARCA MUSARITHMICA - a mechanical device for automatic musical composition. First algorithmic composition.
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Leibniz, Dissertatio de arte combinatoria
Leipzig: Johann Simon Fick, 1666
Explicitly builds on Llull. Outlines the 'calculus ratiocinator' - a universal reasoning machine. Foundation of computer science.
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Vives, De anima et vita libri tres
Basel: Robert Winter, 1538
First empirical psychology. Studies cognition, memory, emotions. Major influence on Descartes.
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Ramus, Dialecticae libri duo
Paris: Andreas Wechel, 1556
Reformed logic and method. Dichotomous classification trees - precursor to decision trees.
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Albertus Magnus, De mineralibus
Cologne: Johann Birckmann, c.1260 (printed 1518)
Contains the legend of his TALKING HEAD - an automaton that could answer questions. Medieval AI folklore.
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Hero of Alexandria, Spiritalia (Pneumatica)
Urbino: Federico Commandino (trans.), 1st c. CE (Latin 1575)
Ancient automata - self-opening doors, mechanical birds, coin-operated machines. Renaissance engineers studied this.
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Agrippa, De occulta philosophia (Book III)
Cologne: Johann Soter, 1533
Book III on ceremonial magic includes theory of 'artificial spirits' and animated statues.
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Plotinus, Enneads (Ficino trans.)
Florence: Antonio Miscomini, 1492
First Latin Plotinus. Theory of NOUS (divine intellect), emanation, levels of consciousness. Foundation of Renaissance psychology.
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Proclus, Institutio Theologica
Florence: Antonio Miscomini, 1482 (Ficino trans.)
Elements of Theology. Henads, divine intellect, chain of being. Hierarchical model of mind and reality.
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Iamblichus, De mysteriis Aegyptiorum
Venice: Aldus Manutius, 1497 (Ficino trans.)
THEURGIC ANIMATION OF STATUES. How divine spirit can be invoked into material objects. Artificial ensoulment.
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Ficino, Theologia Platonica
Florence: Antonio Miscomini, 1482
18 books on immortality of soul. Levels of consciousness from matter to God. Renaissance psychology's masterwork.
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Cusanus, De docta ignorantia
Strasbourg: Martin Flach, 1440 (printed 1488)
LEARNED IGNORANCE - limits of human cognition. Infinite mind, coincidentia oppositorum. Proto-epistemology.
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Porphyry, Isagoge (with Aristotle's Organon)
Venice: Aldus Manutius, 1495-98
Introduction to categories. The TREE OF PORPHYRY - first hierarchical classification. Precursor to taxonomies and ontologies.
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Hermes Trismegistus, Asclepius
Treviso: Gerardus de Lisa, 1471 (Ficino trans.)
ANIMATED STATUES - 'gods made by man'. Artificial ensoulment through theurgy. Most explicit ancient text on creating artificial beings.
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Turba Philosophorum, Auriferae artis (Turba)
Basel: Petrus Perna, 1572
Council of ancient philosophers debating alchemy. Transmutation of matter AND mind. Arabic-Latin compilation.
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Paracelsus, Archidoxis magicae
Basel: Petrus Perna, 1570
Contains recipe for HOMUNCULUS - artificial human created in alchemical vessel. Most famous artificial life text.
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Michael Maier, Atalanta Fugiens
Oppenheim: Johann Theodor de Bry, 1617
50 alchemical EMBLEMS with music. Multimedia alchemy - image, text, fugue. Transformation of matter and consciousness.
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Sefer Yetzirah, Book of Formation
Paris: Gulielmus Postellus (trans.), c.200 CE (Latin 1552)
COMBINATORIAL CREATION through Hebrew letters. 22 letters + 10 sefirot = 32 paths. Foundation of Golem legend.
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Reuchlin, De arte cabalistica
Hagenau: Thomas Anshelm, 1517
Christian Kabbalah. Divine names, letter permutation, mystical computation. Influenced Leibniz.
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Pico della Mirandola, Conclusiones nongentae
Rome: Eucharius Silber, 1486
900 THESES including 47 Kabbalistic. 'Nothing proves divinity of Christ more than Kabbalah.' Syncretism of all traditions.
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Gikatilla, Portae Lucis (Sha'arei Orah)
Augsburg: Johann Miller, 1516 (Latin)
Gates of Light. Sefirot as divine attributes. Paulus Ricius translation brought Kabbalah to Christians.
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Avicenna, De anima (Liber sextus naturalium)
Venice: Octavianus Scotus, 1508
ACTIVE INTELLECT illuminates human minds. 'Flying man' thought experiment. Most influential medieval psychology.
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al-Farabi, De intellectu et intellecto
Venice: Octavianus Scotus, 1508 (with Avicenna)
Hierarchy of intellects from God to humans. EMANATION of mind from divine source.
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Averroes, Commentarium magnum in De anima
Venice: Giunta, 1550
UNITY OF INTELLECT - all humans share one Active Intellect. Scandalous thesis debated for centuries.
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al-Kindi, De intellectu
[Medieval translations], c.850 (Latin 12th c.)
First Arabic philosopher. Four intellects: potential, actual, acquired, Agent. Foundation of Islamic psychology.
Aquinas, Summa Theologica (Prima Pars, QQ. 50-64)
Rome: various early eds., 1265-74
DO ANGELS THINK? Questions on angelic knowledge, intellection without bodies, species of understanding.
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Aquinas, De ente et essentia
Venice: Baptista de Tortis, c.1256 (printed 1485)
On Being and Essence. How immaterial beings exist and know. Key text on non-physical intelligence.
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Duns Scotus, Quaestiones super libris De anima
Lyon: Laurentius Durand, 1625
Subtle Doctor on soul and cognition. Haecceity - 'thisness' of individual minds. Alternative to Thomism.
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William of Ockham, Quaestiones in libros Physicorum
Venice: Lazzaro de Soardi, c.1324 (printed 1491)
Ockham's Razor applied to mind. Nominalism - only particulars exist. Stripped psychology to essentials.
Pistis Sophia, Codex Askewianus
Berlin: Schwetschke (Petermann ed.), 3rd c. CE (Latin 1851)
Gnostic cosmology. DEMIURGE as ignorant craftsman. Levels of consciousness, ascent of soul.
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Nag Hammadi, Apocryphon of John
[Coptic, Latin excerpts in heresiologies], 2nd c. CE
Secret Book of John. Yaldabaoth creates material world. Divine spark trapped in matter.
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Valentinus, [Fragments in Clement, Irenaeus]
[In Church Fathers' refutations], 2nd c. CE
Sophia's fall creates material cosmos. Aeons as divine thoughts. Most sophisticated Gnostic psychology.
Psellus, De operatione daemonum
Paris: Guillaume Morel, 11th c. (Latin 1577)
Byzantine dialogue on DEMONIC OPERATIONS. How demons think, perceive, communicate. Taxonomy of spirit types.
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Nider, Formicarius
Cologne: Johann Guldenschaff, c.1437 (printed 1480)
The Ant-Hill. Early witch-trial manual. Demons grant knowledge and power. Pre-Malleus demonology.
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Kramer & Sprenger, Malleus Maleficarum
Speyer: Peter Drach, 1486
HAMMER OF WITCHES. Most infamous demonology. Demonic pacts, possession, illusions. How to detect and prosecute.
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Bodin, De la démonomanie des sorciers
Paris: Jacques du Puys, 1580
Demonolatry of Sorcerers. Political philosopher on demons. Systematic demonology from Aristotelian perspective.
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Nicolas Remy, Daemonolatreia
Lyon: Vincentius, 1595
Based on 900 WITCH TRIALS he conducted. Empirical demonology. How demons communicate, transport, transform.
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Guazzo, Compendium maleficarum
Milan: Collegio Ambrosiano, 1608
Compendium of Witches. Famous ILLUSTRATIONS of demonic activity. Sabbaths, transformations, pacts.
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Weyer, De praestigiis daemonum
Basel: Johannes Oporinus, 1563
On Demonic Illusions. SKEPTICAL demonology. Witches are deluded, not powerful. Early psychiatry. Influenced Freud.
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Reginald Scot, The Discoverie of Witchcraft
London: William Brome, 1584
DEBUNKING witch-beliefs. Demons can't do what's claimed. Magic tricks exposed. King James ordered it burned.
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King James I, Daemonologie
Edinburgh: Robert Waldegrave, 1597
King's treatise on demons. Dialogue form. Defends reality of witchcraft against Scot. Written before he became King of England.
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Glanvill, Sadducismus triumphatus
London: James Collins, 1681
Triumph over Sadducees (who denied spirits). EMPIRICAL evidence for demons. Royal Society member defending spirits scientifically.
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Sinistrari, De Daemonialitate
Paris: Isidore Liseux, c.1680 (printed 1875)
On Demoniality. Incubi and succubi as RATIONAL CREATURES distinct from humans. Non-human intelligences with bodies.
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Trithemius, Steganographia
Frankfurt: Johann Berner, 1499 (printed 1606)
Appears to be demon-summoning manual. Actually CRYPTOGRAPHY disguised as magic. Angels = ciphers. Spirits = codes.
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Philolaus, Fragments (in Stobaeus, Diogenes)
[Collected in Diels-Kranz], 5th c. BCE
First written Pythagorean doctrines. HARMONY holds cosmos together. Number is the bond of eternal being. Central fire cosmology.
Archytas of Tarentum, Fragments
[In Porphyry, Iamblichus], 4th c. BCE
Pythagorean mathematician-philosopher. Built MECHANICAL DOVE (first recorded automaton). Mathematics of music, ratios, means.
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Pythagorean Golden Verses, Chrysa Epe
[Various Renaissance eds.], c.300 BCE (Latin medieval)
Ethical catechism of Pythagoreanism. Daily self-examination. 'What have I done? What left undone?' Foundation of examined life.
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Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Philosophers (Book VIII)
Rome: Giorgio Lauer, 3rd c. CE (Latin 1472)
Most complete ancient biography of PYTHAGORAS. Metempsychosis, mathematical discoveries, secret doctrines, vegetarianism.
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Iamblichus, De vita Pythagorica
Heidelberg: Commelinus, c.300 CE (Latin 1598)
Most elaborate ancient Life of Pythagoras. Secret teachings, miracles, mathematical mysticism, political theory.
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Porphyry, Vita Pythagorae
[In Opera, 1580], c.270 CE
Neoplatonist biography. Pythagoras as divine sage. Soul's descent and ascent. Vegetarianism as spiritual practice.
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Hierocles, Commentary on Golden Verses
London: John Wolfe, 5th c. CE (Latin 1583)
Late Neoplatonist ethics. Daily practice, self-examination, cosmic harmony. Virtue as attunement.
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Pseudo-Iamblichus, Theologoumena arithmeticae
Paris: Christian Wechel, c.300 CE (printed 1543)
THEOLOGY OF NUMBER. Sacred meanings of 1-10. Monad, Dyad, Triad... Decade. Each number a divine principle.
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Nicomachus, Introductio arithmetica
Augsburg: Erhard Ratdolt, 1488, c.100 CE (Boethius Latin)
NUMBER as basis of reality and mind. Pythagorean mathematics. 'All is number' - precursor to digital ontology.
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Theon of Smyrna, Mathematics Useful for Understanding Plato
Paris: Adrian Turnèbe, c.130 CE (Latin 1644)
Arithmetic, music, astronomy, geometry - all for philosophy. NUMBER ratios explain reality. Platonic-Pythagorean synthesis.
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Boethius, De institutione arithmetica
Augsburg: Erhard Ratdolt, c.500 CE (printed 1488)
Transmitted Pythagorean number theory to Middle Ages. Quadrivium foundation. Mathematics as mental discipline.
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Boethius, De institutione musica
Venice: Giovanni & Gregorio de' Gregorii, c.500 CE (printed 1491)
MUSIC OF THE SPHERES codified. Three kinds: cosmic, human, instrumental. Ratios govern all harmony.
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Calcidius, Timaeus (Latin trans. + Commentary)
[Medieval MSS, printed 1520], 4th c. CE
Only Plato available in medieval West. DEMIURGE as cosmic craftsman. World Soul. Foundation of cosmological psychology.
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Macrobius, Commentarii in Somnium Scipionis
Venice: Nicolas Jenson, c.400 CE (printed 1472)
Dream of Scipio commentary. WORLD SOUL, cosmic music, descent of souls. Neoplatonist psychology transmitted to Middle Ages.
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Martianus Capella, De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii
Vicenza: Henricus de Sancto Ursio, 5th c. CE (printed 1499)
Wedding of Mercury and Philology. Seven liberal arts personified. QUADRIVIUM curriculum established.
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Ptolemy, Harmonica
Venice: [in Opera], 2nd c. CE (Latin 1562)
Mathematical music theory. Tuning systems, ratios, scales. COSMIC HARMONY demonstrated in sound.
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Gaffurio, Theorica musice
Milan: Filippo Mantegazza, 1492
Renaissance music theory. Pythagorean proportions. Famous woodcuts of cosmic harmony, Orpheus, Pythagoras.
Zarlino, Le istitutioni harmoniche
Venice: [Author], 1558
Foundation of modern music theory. Extended Pythagorean ratios. Major/minor triads. Harmony as mathematics.
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Euclid, Elementa (Campanus ed.)
Venice: Erhard Ratdolt, 1482
FIRST PRINTED MATHEMATICS BOOK. Books VII-IX on number theory are Pythagorean. Perfect numbers, primes, ratios.
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Proclus, In primum Euclidis Elementorum
Basel: Johann Hervagius, 5th c. CE (Latin 1533)
Philosophy of mathematics. Numbers as divine thoughts. Geometry as access to eternal forms. MATHEMATICS = THEOLOGY.
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Francesco Giorgi, De harmonia mundi totius
Venice: Bernardino de Vitali, 1525
COSMIC HARMONY synthesized. Kabbalistic Pythagoreanism. Musical proportions in architecture (influenced Palladio).
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John Dee, Monas Hieroglyphica
Antwerp: Willem Silvius, 1564
Mathematical GLYPH containing all knowledge. Point, line, circle, cross = cosmos encoded. Pythagorean-Hermetic synthesis.
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Robert Fludd, Utriusque cosmi historia
Oppenheim: Johann Theodore de Bry, 1617-21
Macrocosm and Microcosm. MUSIC OF SPHERES illustrated. Divine monochord. Most elaborate Pythagorean cosmology since antiquity.
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Kepler, Mysterium cosmographicum
Tübingen: Georg Gruppenbach, 1596
PLATONIC SOLIDS nested in planetary orbits. Pythagorean geometry = cosmic structure. Divine mathematics in astronomy.
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Kepler, Harmonices mundi
Linz: Johann Planck, 1619
HARMONY OF THE WORLD. Planetary motions produce music. Third law of motion discovered here. Climax of Pythagorean astronomy.
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Zabarella, In tres Aristotelis libros de Anima commentarij
Frankfurt: Lazarus Zetzner, 1605
Paduan Aristotelian on soul and cognition. Most influential late scholastic De anima commentary. Taught Galileo.
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Cesalpino, Daemonum investigatio peripatetica
Florence: Giunta, 1593
PERIPATETIC INVESTIGATION OF DEMONS. Can demons think? Aristotelian demonology. Also discovered blood circulation.
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Matteolo Perusino, Tractatus de Memoria
Bologna: Bazalerius de Bazaleriis, 1490
Obscure but influential MEMORY treatise. Pre-dates Romberch. Medical approach to memory enhancement.
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Giulio Camillo, L'idea del theatro
Florence: Lorenzo Torrentino, 1550
The MEMORY THEATER - physical structure encoding all knowledge. Seven grades, seven planets. Influenced Bruno.
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Cardano, De subtilitate libri XXI
Nuremberg: Johann Petreius, 1550
21 books on EVERYTHING - cosmology, elements, metals, stones, plants, animals, man, soul, angels, God. Renaissance encyclopedia.
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Scaliger, Exotericarum exercitationum liber XV de Subtilitate
Paris: Michel de Vascosan, 1557
377 EXERCITATIONES attacking Cardano. Massive polemic. Scaliger vs Cardano = intellectual warfare of the century.
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Van Helmont, Ortus medicinae
Amsterdam: Ludovicus Elzevir, 1648
Birth of Medicine. Coined 'GAS'. Archeus as vital principle. Iatrochemistry. Anti-Galenic revolution.
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Kenelm Digby, Discourse on the Powder of Sympathy
London: R. Lownes, 1658
WEAPON SALVE heals wounds at a distance. Action at a distance theory. Magnetism, sympathy, occult causation.
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Glisson, Anatomia hepatis
London: Octavian Pulleyn, 1654
Anatomy of the liver. Coined IRRITABILITY - tissues respond to stimuli. Foundation of neurophysiology.
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Biringuccio, De la Pirotechnia
Venice: Venturino Roffinello, 1540
First printed book on METALLURGY and fire arts. Smelting, casting, gunpowder, fireworks. Artisan knowledge codified.
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Agricola, De re metallica
Basel: Hieronymus Froben, 1556
Mining and metallurgy encyclopedia. 292 WOODCUTS of machines. Hoover (future US president) translated it.
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Robert Recorde, The Whetstone of Witte
London: John Kingston, 1557
INVENTED THE EQUALS SIGN (=). 'To avoide the tediouse repetition of these woordes: is equalle to.' English algebra.
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Bombelli, L'Algebra
Bologna: Giovanni Rossi, 1572
Introduced COMPLEX NUMBERS (√-1). Solved cubic equations. 'Sophistic' quantities become respectable.
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Commandino, Liber de centro gravitatis solidorum
Bologna: Alessandro Benacci, 1565
CENTER OF GRAVITY of solids. Revived Archimedes. Foundation of statics. Influenced Galileo.
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Maurolico, Opuscula mathematica
Venice: Francesco Franceschi, 1575
Mathematical optics, conic sections. Sicilian polymath. Principle of MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION first stated.
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Salomon de Caus, Les raisons des forces mouvantes
Frankfurt: Jan Norton, 1615
Garden automata, mechanical birds, grottoes with moving figures. Influenced European court gardens.
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Caspar Schott, Magia universalis naturae et artis
Würzburg: Heinrich Pigrin, 1657-59
Kircher's student. 4 vols on optics, acoustics, mathematics, physics. Automata and mechanical devices.
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Drebbel, Tractatus von Natur der Elementen
Frankfurt: Lucas Jennis, 1608 (in 1624 ed.)
Dutch inventor. Built FIRST FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM - thermostat for incubator. Also submarine, perpetual motion clock. Proto-cybernetics.
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Huygens, Horologium oscillatorium
Paris: F. Muguet, 1673
PENDULUM CLOCK theory. Isochronous oscillation. Foundation of precision timekeeping and CONTROL THEORY.
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Wiener, Cybernetics
New York: Wiley, 1948
CYBERNETICS founded. 'Control and communication in the animal and the machine.' Feedback loops, homeostasis, information.
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Banu Musa, Kitab al-Hiyal (Book of Ingenious Devices)
[Medieval Latin translations], c.850 CE (Latin excerpts)
Three brothers in Baghdad. 100 MECHANICAL DEVICES - automata, trick vessels, self-trimming lamps. Arabic engineering brilliance.
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al-Khwarizmi, Kitab al-Jabr wa'l-Muqabala
[Robert of Chester trans.], c.820 CE (Latin c.1145)
Gave us 'ALGEBRA' and 'ALGORITHM'. Systematic equation-solving. Foundation of computational thinking.
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Ibn Tufayl, Hayy ibn Yaqzan
Oxford: Edward Pococke, c.1160 (Latin 1671)
SELF-TAUGHT PHILOSOPHER - child raised by gazelle discovers truth through reason alone. Influenced Locke's tabula rasa.
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Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Kitab al-Shifa (Healing)
[Medieval translations], c.1027 (Latin selections)
Encyclopedia of philosophy. FLYING MAN thought experiment - know yourself without body. Proof of immaterial soul.
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Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Tahafut al-Tahafut
Venice: [medieval trans.], 1180 (Latin 1328)
Incoherence of the Incoherence. Defense of reason against al-Ghazali. UNITY OF INTELLECT - all minds share one divine reason.
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Panini, Ashtadhyayi
[Sanskrit, studied via commentaries], c.400 BCE
FIRST FORMAL GRAMMAR - 4,000 rules generating all Sanskrit. Recursive, generative. Influenced Chomsky. 'Most rigorous grammar ever written.'
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Gautama, Nyaya Sutra
[Sanskrit with bhasyas], c.200 BCE
Indian LOGIC. 16 categories of reasoning. Syllogism, inference, analogy. Debated by Buddhists and Hindus for millennia.
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Dignaga, Pramanasamuccaya
[Tibetan/Sanskrit], c.480 CE
Buddhist EPISTEMOLOGY. Two valid sources: perception and inference. Apoha theory - meaning through exclusion. Logic as path to liberation.
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Dharmakirti, Pramanavarttika
[Tibetan/Sanskrit], c.650 CE
Refinement of Dignaga. MOMENTARINESS of perception. No permanent self. Buddhist logic's pinnacle.
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Vaisheshika Sutra, Kanada's Atomic Theory
[Sanskrit philosophical texts], c.200 BCE
ATOMIC THEORY of matter. Paramanu (atoms) combine to form reality. Categories of existence. Indian natural philosophy.
Patanjali, Yoga Sutras
[Sanskrit with commentaries], c.200 BCE
STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS systematized. Chitta-vritti-nirodha - stilling mental fluctuations. Attention, concentration, samadhi.
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Mohist Canon, Mo Jing
[Chinese, Latin excerpts rare], c.300 BCE
Chinese LOGIC and optics. Definitions, paradoxes, causation. Camera obscura. Rival to Aristotle in rigor. Mohism lost to Confucianism.
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Gongsun Long, White Horse Dialogue
[School of Names], c.300 BCE
'WHITE HORSE IS NOT HORSE' - semantic paradoxes. Chinese sophistry. Universals vs particulars. Logic through paradox.
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Liezi, Liezi (Book of Lieh-tzu)
[Chinese, Latin 17th c.], c.300 BCE
Contains AUTOMATON STORY - Yan Shi presents mechanical man to King Mu. Earliest robot fiction. 'Made of leather, wood, glue.'
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Zhuangzi, Zhuangzi
[Chinese classics], c.300 BCE
DREAM ARGUMENT - am I a man dreaming of a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming of being a man? Relativism of consciousness.
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Xunzi, Xunzi (chapters on language)
[Chinese philosophical texts], c.250 BCE
RECTIFICATION OF NAMES - correct naming enables correct thinking. Language shapes cognition. Chinese philosophy of language.
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Yi Jing, I Ching (Book of Changes)
[Latin 1687 via Jesuits], c.1000 BCE
BINARY SYSTEM of yin/yang lines. 64 hexagrams. Leibniz saw it and developed binary arithmetic. Ancient Chinese 'bits'.
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Descartes, De homine (Traité de l'homme)
Leiden: Moyardus & Leffen (posthumous), 1662
The body as machine. Mechanistic physiology - nerves as pipes, brain as hydraulic system.
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Pomponazzi, De immortalitate animae
Bologna: Giustiniano da Rubiera, 1516
Denied immortality of soul on Aristotelian grounds. Caused scandal. Proto-materialist.
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Telesio, De rerum natura iuxta propria principia
Naples: Horatius Salvianus, 1586
Anti-Aristotelian naturalism. Nature explained by heat/cold, not forms. Influenced Bacon.
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Wilkins, Essay towards a Real Character
London: Royal Society, 1668
Universal philosophical language. Systematic classification of all concepts. Influenced Leibniz.
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Romberch, Congestorium artificiosae memoriae
Venice: Melchior Sessa, 1520
Memory palace technique systematized. Visual encoding of information. Precursor to data structures.
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Publicius, Ars memorativa
Venice: Erhard Ratdolt, 1482
First PRINTED memory treatise. Woodcut diagrams of memory systems.
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Napier, Rabdologiae
Edinburgh: Andrew Hart, 1617
Napier's Bones - calculating rods for multiplication. First practical calculating device. Also describes 'local arithmetic' (binary!).
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Ramelli, Le diverse et artificiose machine
Paris: Author, 1588
195 engraved plates
Famous machine book. Reading wheel (bookwheel), pumps, cranes. Influenced all later machine treatises.
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Zonca, Novo teatro di machine et edificii
Padua: Pietro Bertelli, 1607
42 plates
Italian machine theater. Mills, presses, hydraulics.
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Gómez Pereira, Antoniana Margarita
Medina del Campo: Guillermo de Millis, 1554
ARGUED ANIMALS ARE AUTOMATA - 90 years before Descartes! Spanish physician's radical mechanicism.
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Della Porta, De furtivis literarum notis
Naples: Johannes Maria Scotus, 1563
First modern book on CRYPTOGRAPHY. Substitution ciphers, polyalphabetic systems.
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Witelo, Perspectiva
Nuremberg: Johannes Petreius, c.1275 (printed 1535)
Medieval optics synthesizing Alhazen. Theory of vision and perception. 10 books.
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Bacon, Novum Organum
London: John Bill, 1620
New method of scientific induction. Tables and exclusions - precursor to data analysis.
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Boole, Laws of Thought
London: Walton & Maberly, 1854
Boolean algebra - foundation of digital computing. 'An Investigation of the Laws of Thought'.
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Hobbes, De Corpore
London: Andrew Crooke, 1655
Mechanistic philosophy. 'Reasoning is but reckoning' - computation as thought.
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La Mettrie, L'Homme Machine
Leiden: Elie Luzac, 1747
Man a Machine - radical materialist treatise. Extends Descartes to humans.
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Leibniz, Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire
Paris: Mémoires de l'Académie Royale, 1703
BINARY ARITHMETIC explained. Connected to I Ching. Foundation of digital computing.
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al-Jazari, Kitab fi ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya
[Book of Ingenious Devices], 1206
Islamic AUTOMATA - water clocks, musical robots, hand-washing peacock. Programmable mechanisms.
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Frege, Begriffsschrift
Halle: Louis Nebert, 1879
First formal logic system. Predicate calculus - foundation of programming languages and AI.
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Babbage, On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures
London: Charles Knight, 1832
Division of labor applied to calculation. Led to Analytical Engine concept.
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Jevons, On the Mechanical Performance of Logical Inference
London: Royal Society, 1870
The LOGIC PIANO - first machine to perform logical operations. Predecessor to logic gates.
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Peirce, On the Algebra of Logic
American Journal of Mathematics, 1885
Extended Boolean algebra. Invented truth tables. Foundational for computing.
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Condorcet, Esquisse d'un tableau historique
Paris: Agasse (posthumous), 1795
Progress through reason. Probability applied to social science. Early data science thinking.
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Jacquard, [Punched Card System]
Lyon: [patents], 1804
Punched cards controlling looms. Babbage adopted for Analytical Engine. First 'programming'.
Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
London: Thomas Bassett, 1689
TABULA RASA - mind as blank slate. Ideas from sensation. Foundation of empiricist psychology.
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Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature
London: John Noon, 1739
Bundle theory of self - no continuous 'I'. Radical skepticism about personal identity.
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Berkeley, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
Dublin: Aaron Rhames, 1710
Esse est percipi - to be is to be perceived. Idealism about mind and world.
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Spinoza, Ethica ordine geometrico demonstrata
Amsterdam: Jan Rieuwertsz (posthumous), 1677
Mind and body as ONE substance. Parallelism. Emotions as confused ideas.
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Descartes, Les Passions de l'Âme
Paris: Henry Le Gras, 1649
Mind-body interaction via pineal gland. Classification of emotions. Dualism's last defense.
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Melanchthon, Liber de anima
Wittenberg: Joseph Klug, 1540
Protestant psychology. Soul's faculties. Most-used textbook on mind in 16th century.
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Wolff, Psychologia empirica
Frankfurt: Renger, 1732
COINED 'psychology' as a science. Empirical vs rational psychology distinction.
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Condillac, Traité des sensations
Paris: De Bure, 1754
The STATUE thought experiment - consciousness built from pure sensation. Radical sensationalism.
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Hartley, Observations on Man
London: Samuel Richardson, 1749
ASSOCIATIONISM - all mental life from association of ideas. Vibrations in nerves. Proto-neuroscience.
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Wundt, Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie
Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1874
Founded EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. First psychology laboratory (1879). Scientific study of consciousness.
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Sanskrit Logic & Philosophy of Mind

India produced 30+ million manuscripts - 100x more than Greek and Latin combined. Less than 1% translated. These texts on logic, language, and consciousness anticipate modern AI by millennia.

Bhartṛhari, Vākyapadīya
[Sanskrit manuscripts], 5th c. CE
SPHOṬA THEORY - meaning isn't in sounds but in the 'burst' of whole word/sentence. Anticipates holistic semantics, Gestalt, compositionality debates in NLP.
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Bhartṛhari, Vākyapadīya Kāṇḍa I (Subramania Iyer ed.)
Deccan College, Poona, 5th c. CE (1966 ed.)
Critical edition with English translation. BRAHMAN IS WORD - language as foundation of reality.
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Mallisena Sūri, Syādvāda-mañjarī
Motilal Banarsidass (F.W. Thomas trans. 1968), 13th c. CE
SEVEN-VALUED LOGIC (Saptabhaṅgī) - 2000 years before Łukasiewicz! Maybe is, maybe isn't, maybe both, maybe indescribable... English trans. available but rare.
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Samantabhadra, Āptamīmāṃsā
[Sanskrit with English], 2nd c. CE
ANEKĀNTAVĀDA - non-one-sidedness. Reality has multiple aspects no single predicate captures. Partial knowledge, multi-perspective reasoning.
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Gaṅgeśa, Tattvacintāmaṇi (Pratyakṣa Khaṇḍa)
Asiatic Society, Calcutta (1888), 13th c. CE
JEWEL OF THOUGHT - founded Navya-Nyāya. 850 pages on perception. Technical metalanguage for inference.
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Gaṅgeśa, Tattvacintāmaṇi (Anumāna Khaṇḍa)
Bloomsbury (Stephen Phillips, 2024), 13th c. CE
INFERENCE section - vyāpti (pervasion), how to establish universal rules. NOW FULLY TRANSLATED (3-vol Phillips edition).
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Raghunātha Śiromaṇi, Tattvacintāmaṇi-Dīdhiti
[Various Sanskrit eds.], 16th c. CE
THE CORE OF NAVYA-NYĀYA. Developed formal metalanguage. India's 'Principia Mathematica'. UNTRANSLATED.
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Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya
[Sanskrit + Yasomitra commentary], 4th c. CE
TAXONOMY OF 75 MENTAL FACTORS - attention, intention, perception, memory, reasoning. Closest to cognitive architecture in ancient thought.
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Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakośa (Poussin translation)
Paris: Paul Geuthner, 4th c. CE (French 1923)
French translation of the 'Treasury of Higher Knowledge'. Buddhist psychology systematized.
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Dignāga, Pramāṇasamuccaya
University of Mysore, c. 480 CE
COMPENDIUM OF VALID COGNITION. Two sources: perception and inference. Foundation of Buddhist logic.
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Dharmakīrti, Pramāṇavārttika
Bauddha Bharati (1968), c. 650 CE
APOHA THEORY - meaning through exclusion. 'Cow' = 'not non-cow'. Anticipates contrastive learning. 771MB scan.
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Dharmakīrti, Pramāṇavārttika Parts I-II (Yogindranand)
[Sanskrit critical ed.], c. 650 CE
High-resolution (600 PPI) Sanskrit text. Only chapters 1 & 4 have partial trans. (Nagatomi, Tillemans). NO COMPLETE English.
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Gautama, Nyāya Sūtra with Vātsyāyana Bhāṣya
Panini Office (1913), c. 200 BCE / 450 CE
FOUNDATION OF INDIAN LOGIC. 528 aphorisms on inference, perception, debate. 1913 translation exists but archaic.
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Jayanta Bhaṭṭa, Nyāya-mañjarī
MLBD, 9th c. CE
COMPENDIUM OF SPECULATIVE LOGIC. Synthesizes Nyāya on valid knowledge, inference patterns, debate fallacies.
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Annambhaṭṭa, Tarkasaṅgraha
[Various], 17th c. CE
15-PAGE PRIMER covering all Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika basics. 7 categories, 4 knowledge sources, inference structure. Perfect starting point.
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Udayana, Nyāya-kusumāñjali
Chowkhamba (1957), 10th c. CE
9 LOGICAL PROOFS FOR GOD. Rigorous inference patterns on causation, design, infinite regress.
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Jaimini / Śabara, Mīmāṃsā Sūtra with Śabara Bhāṣya
Mohan Lal Sandal (1923), c. 200 BCE / 100 CE
PHILOSOPHY OF MEANING - how words refer, sentence vs word meaning, injunctive force. Foundation of Indian semantics.
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Kumārila Bhaṭṭa, Ślokavārttika
[Sanskrit], 7th c. CE
Defense of Vedic authority through LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS. Word-meaning relations, eternality of language.
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Kaṇāda, Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
Nandalal Sinha (1911), c. 200 BCE
ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER. Paramāṇu (atoms) combine to form reality. 7 categories of existence.
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Praśastapāda, Padārthadharmasaṅgraha with Nyāyakandalī
Ganganatha Jha (Chowkambha), c. 550 CE / 991 CE
Systematic VAIŚEṢIKA with Śrīdhara's commentary. Categories, qualities, relations.
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Udayana, Kiraṇāvalī
Gaekwad's Oriental Series (Jetly ed.), 11th c. CE
GARLAND OF RAYS on substances. Major Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika synthesis. PARTIAL trans. (Hirano's samavāya chapter).
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Patañjali / Vyāsa, Yoga Sūtra with Vyāsa Bhāṣya
[Sanskrit critical ed.], c. 200 BCE / 400 CE
SYSTEMATIC CONSCIOUSNESS - 5 mental modifications (vṛtti), attention mechanisms, memory (saṃskāra), samādhi states.
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Patañjali, Yoga Sūtra with 3 Commentaries
[Sanskrit], c. 200 BCE
Vyāsa, Vācaspati Miśra, and Bhoja commentaries. Multiple interpretive traditions on consciousness.
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Baudhāyana et al., Śulba Sūtras
[Critical study], c. 800-500 BCE
ALGORITHMIC GEOMETRY - Pythagorean theorem (before Pythagoras), square root algorithms, geometric constructions with rope/stakes.
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Pāṇini, Aṣṭādhyāyī (6-vol critical ed.)
Rama Nath Sharma, c. 400 BCE
4,000 RULES GENERATING ALL SANSKRIT. Recursive, generative. 'Most rigorous grammar ever written.' Influenced Chomsky.
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Ganguly, A Bibliography of Nyāya Philosophy
National Library, Calcutta, 1993
2,358 DOCUMENTS catalogued - 1,030 manuscripts. Navya-Nyāya: 1,020 docs. Essential reference for prioritizing translations.
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Arabic Logic, Automata & Algorithms

The Islamic Golden Age (750-1258 CE) preserved Greek philosophy and created new sciences. Arabic gave us 'algorithm' and 'algebra'. These texts on logic, automata, and the mind shaped both medieval Europe and modern computing.

al-Khwārizmī, Kitāb al-Jabr wa'l-Muqābala
[Arabic manuscript], c. 820 CE
Gave us ALGEBRA and ALGORITHM (from his name). Systematic equation-solving. Foundation of computational thinking.
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al-Khwārizmī, Algebra (Rosen translation, 1831)
London: Oriental Translation Fund, c. 820 CE (trans. 1831)
First English translation. Arabic text with English. 'Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing.'
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Robert of Chester, Latin Translation of al-Khwārizmī's Algebra
[Medieval Latin], c. 1145 CE
How ALGORITHM entered Europe. Latin translation that shaped medieval mathematics.
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al-Jazarī, Kitāb fī ma'rifat al-ḥiyal al-handasiyya
[Arabic + Donald Hill trans.], 1206 CE
BOOK OF INGENIOUS DEVICES - 100 mechanical devices. Programmable automata, water clocks, musical robots. 'Climax of Muslim achievement.'
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Banū Mūsā, Kitāb al-Ḥiyal (Modern Turkish)
[Turkish interpretation], c. 850 CE
100 MECHANICAL DEVICES - self-trimming lamps, trick vessels, automata. First programmable flute player. 'Well beyond Hero of Alexandria.'
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Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), al-Shifā': al-Qiyās (Propositional Logic)
D. Reidel (1973), c. 1027 CE
PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC from The Healing. Parallel Arabic-English. Foundation of Islamic logic tradition.
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Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), al-Shifā': Physics (Parallel Text)
BYU/KFAS, c. 1027 CE
First complete English translation of Avicenna's PHYSICS. Natural philosophy, causation, motion.
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al-Fārābī, Kitāb al-Ḥurūf (Book of Letters)
Zaytuna (Butterworth trans. 2024), c. 900 CE
PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE - relation of logic to grammar. How Arabic maps to universal thought. FIRST COMPLETE English trans. 2024!
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al-Fārābī, Risālah fī al-'Aql (Epistle on the Intellect)
[Arabic/French], c. 900 CE
THEORY OF INTELLECT - active intellect, potential intellect. How mind acquires knowledge.
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al-Fārābī, Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle
[English trans.], c. 900 CE
How to read the Greeks. Classification of sciences. 'Second Teacher' after Aristotle.
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al-Abharī, Īsāghūjī fī al-manṭiq
[Arabic with trans.], 13th c. CE
LOGIC PRIMER - 'for beginners in any of the sciences.' Introduction to categories, propositions, syllogisms.
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Ibn Taymiyya, al-Radd 'alā al-Manṭiqiyyīn
[Arabic/English], 1309 CE
REFUTATION OF LOGIC - critique of Aristotelian logic from Islamic perspective. Alternative epistemology.
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[Various], Collection of Books on Manṭiq
[Arabic/Persian/Urdu], Various
Multiple logic textbooks - 'Summary of Logic', 'Basic Concepts', primers. Islamic logic curriculum.
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Ibn Ṭufayl, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān
[Arabic + English], c. 1160 CE
SELF-TAUGHT PHILOSOPHER - child raised alone discovers truth through pure reason. Influenced Locke's tabula rasa, Robinson Crusoe.
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Ibn Ṭufayl, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (Arabic, 1992)
Faruk Saad edition, c. 1160 CE
Arabic critical edition. Thought experiment: can mind know reality without society or revelation?
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Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Tahāfut al-Tahāfut
[Arabic/English], 1180 CE
INCOHERENCE OF THE INCOHERENCE - defense of reason against al-Ghazālī. UNITY OF INTELLECT - all minds share one active reason.
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Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics
[English trans.], 12th c. CE
How Europe recovered Aristotle. 'The Commentator.' Most scholarly interpreter of Greek philosophy.
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Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Kitāb Faṣl al-Maqāl
[Arabic], 12th c. CE
DECISIVE TREATISE - can philosophy and religion coexist? Harmony of reason and revelation.
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al-Ghazālī, Tahāfut al-Falāsifa
[Arabic/English], 1095 CE
INCOHERENCE OF THE PHILOSOPHERS - 20 critiques of Aristotelian philosophy. Sparked Ibn Rushd's response.
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al-Bīrūnī, Kitāb al-Qānūn al-Mas'ūdī
[Arabic], c. 1030 CE
CANON MASUDICUS - encyclopedia of astronomical sciences. 'Masterpiece of Eastern science.' Unpublished for 1000 years.
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al-Bīrūnī, Book of Instruction on Astrology
[Arabic + English], c. 1029 CE
Astronomical algorithms, calendar calculations, spherical trigonometry. Practical computation.
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al-Bīrūnī, Kitāb fī Taḥqīq mā li'l-Hind
[Arabic], c. 1030 CE
India's philosophy, astronomy, mathematics documented by Arabic scholar. Cross-cultural transmission.
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Walbridge, God and Logic in Islam
[English], 2011
History of manṭiq (logic) in Islamic thought. How Greeks were received, transformed, debated.
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Abed, Aristotelian Logic and the Arabic Language in al-Fārābī
SUNY Press, 1991
How Arabic grammar shaped logical categories. Language and thought in Islamic philosophy.
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[Various], Classical Arabic Philosophy: An Anthology
[English], 2007
Translations from al-Kindī, al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, Ibn Rushd. Logic, natural philosophy, metaphysics, ethics.
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Not on This List

Already well-served: Cicero, Ovid, Virgil (Loeb); Augustine (multiple series); Erasmus major works (CWE); Thomas Aquinas.

Ongoing projects elsewhere: Johann Gerhard (Concordia, 17 vols); Melanchthon (Newcomb 2022+); Vives (Brill series).

Too large for solo work: Bartolus complete commentaries; Calov Systema (12 vols); complete systematic theologies.

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